1,4-Dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA): Comprehensive Overview
Introdução
1,4-Dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), also known as 2-amino-5-methylhexane or 1,4-dimethylpentylamine, is a synthetic aliphatic amine belonging to the alkylamine class. Structurally related to 1,3-DMAA (methylhexanamine), 1,4-DMAA has been identified in certain dietary supplements marketed for weight loss and athletic performance enhancement. Its pharmacological profile suggests sympathomimetic properties, acting as a monoamine releasing agent.
Chemical Structure and Properties
- IUPAC Name: 5-methylhexan-2-amine
- Molecular Formula: C7H17N
- Peso molecular: 115.22 g/mol
- CAS Number: 28292-43-5
- Sinónimos: 2-Amino-5-methylhexane, 1,4-Dimethylpentylamine, 1,4-DMAA
- SMILES: CC(C)CCC(C)N
Farmacologia
1,4-DMAA is believed to exert its stimulant effects by acting as a sympathomimetic agent, promoting the release of catecholamines such as norepinephrine and dopamine. This mechanism leads to increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and elevated blood pressure, which may enhance alertness and physical performance. However, the exact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 1,4-DMAA in humans remain inadequately studied.
Directrizes de dosagem
Due to limited clinical research, standardized dosing recommendations for 1,4-DMAA are not established. Reports indicate that some dietary supplements contain 1,4-DMAA in quantities ranging from 21 ± 11 mg to 94 ± 48 mg per serving . The variability in dosing underscores the need for caution, as the safety profile at these dosages is not well-defined.
Duration of Effects
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the stimulant effects of 1,4-DMAA may onset within 30 to 60 minutes post-ingestion, with a duration of action lasting approximately 4 to 6 hours. However, individual responses can vary based on factors such as body weight, metabolism, and concurrent use of other substances.
Subjective Effects
Users have reported experiencing:
- Aumento da energia e do estado de alerta
- Enhanced focus and concentration
- Elevated mood
- Suppressed appetite
These effects are consistent with the sympathomimetic activity of 1,4-DMAA. However, the intensity and duration of these effects can vary among individuals.
Potential Side Effects
The use of 1,4-DMAA may be associated with several adverse effects, including:
- Elevated blood pressure
- Tachycardia
- Dores de cabeça
- Náuseas
- Tonturas
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
Severe adverse events, such as heart attack, stroke, and seizures, have been reported in association with similar compounds like 1,3-DMAA . Given the structural similarity, there is concern that 1,4-DMAA may pose comparable risks.
Harm Reduction Practices
- Consult Healthcare Providers: Prior to using any supplement containing 1,4-DMAA, consult with a qualified healthcare professional.
- Avoid Combining with Other Stimulants: Concurrent use with other stimulants, such as caffeine, may exacerbate cardiovascular risks.
- Monitor Blood Pressure: Regular monitoring can help detect hypertensive responses early.
- Stay Hydrated: Adequate hydration may mitigate some side effects.
- Discontinue Use if Adverse Effects Occur: Immediate cessation is advised if any severe symptoms are experienced.
Legal Status
1,4-DMAA is not approved for use as a dietary supplement ingredient in several countries. Regulatory agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have issued warnings against the use of DMAA-containing products due to safety concerns . Consumers should verify the legality of 1,4-DMAA in their respective jurisdictions before considering its use.
Storage and Stability
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
- Shelf Life: Stability data is limited; however, proper storage may prolong shelf life.
Conclusão
1,4-DMAA is a synthetic stimulant with sympathomimetic properties, structurally related to other compounds known for their performance-enhancing effects. Despite its presence in some dietary supplements, the lack of comprehensive clinical data and potential for serious adverse effects necessitate caution. Users are strongly advised to consult healthcare professionals and consider safer, well-studied alternatives.
Breaks: Avoid repeated exposure and ensure adequate rest periods between experiments.
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